Auschwitz concentration camp, May, 1940 – January 27, 1945 A complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps in occupied Poland. At least 1.3 million died in Auschwitz.

Second Battle of Kharkov, May 12 – 28, 1942 A German offensive against the Red Army. Germany's victory opened the way to their summer military campaign.

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, April 19 – May 16, 1943 An act of resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto. It was a reaction to the Nazi's attempt to transport the remaining ghetto population to concentration camps.

Siege of Sevastopol, October 30, 1941 – July 4, 1942 A battle in which Germany, Romania, and Italy fought against the Soviet Union for control of the strategic position of Sevastopol port.

Battle of Suomussalmi, December 7, 1939 – January 8, 1940 A battle fought between Finnish and Soviet forces in the Winter War. It's considered an important event related to Finnish independence.

Operation Anthropoid, May 27, 1942 A mission to assassinate Reinhard Heydrich, a Nazi leader of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It was carried out by Czechoslovakian paratroopers.

The Blitz, September 7, 1940 – May 11, 1941 A relentless German bombing campaign against Britain in 1940 and 1941. Blitz is a German word for "lightning."

Siege of Leningrad, September 8, 1941 – January 27, 1944 Considered the longest and the bloodiest siege in human history. The siege took more than 2 million civilian lives.

Battle of Crete, May 20 - June 1, 1941 An airborne invasion of Crete that led to German occupation of the island.

Battle of Stalingrad, August 23, 1942 – February 2, 1943 The largest battle of the war, with over 2 million fallen soldiers. The Soviets triumphed, and the battle proved to be a major turning point in the war.

Jasenovac concentration camp, August, 1941 – April 21, 1945 A camp established by the Croatian Ustaše regime in order to exterminate the Serbian population, as well as other ethnic groups and political dissidents.

Battle of Kyiv, August 23 – September 26, 1941 An operation that resulted in a large encirclement of Soviet army forces. It is considered the largest operation of its kind in the history of warfare.

Massacres in Volhynia, 1943–1945 A genocidal action taken by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army against Poles in the area of Volhynia. It led to 100,000 Poles losing their lives.

Battle of Moscow, October 2, 1941 – January 7, 1942 A final phase of Operation Barbarossa. The German army was not able to reach the city of Moscow.

Battle of Berlin, April 16 – May 2, 1945 One of the last major offensives of the European theatre of the war. It is also known as the Fall of Berlin.

Siege of Malta, June 11, 1940 – November 20, 1942 A fight for control over the strategically important island of Malta.

Battle of Kursk, July 5 – August 23, 1943 One of the most important battles on the Eastern Front. It included the biggest tank battle in history.

Battles of Narvik, April 9 – June 8, 1940 A series of pivotal naval battles that took place in Ofotfjord, Norway. They were the biggest battles of the Nazi invasion of Norway.

Battle of the Dnieper, August 26 – December 23, 1943 A massive operation involving almost 4 million troops stretched out over nearly 900 miles. It's one of the largest operations conducted during the war.

Minsk Offensive, June 29 – July 4, 1944 An important part of a military campaign called Operation Bagration. It led to the liberation of Belorussia.

Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, August 20 – 29, 1944A Soviet offensive against enemy positions in Nazi-occupied Eastern Romania that led to encirclement and destruction of Nazi forces.

Ясько-Кишинівська Операція

Battle of Monte Cassino, January 17 – May 18, 1944 An assault by the Allies against fascist Italy. Also known as the Battle for Rome, this offensive was intended to allow the Allies to enter Rome.

Munich Betrayal, September 30, 1938 The German betrayal of an agreement between Germany, Britain, France, and Italy. It led to Germany's annexation of Czechoslovakia.

Battle of Smolensk, August 7 – October 2, 1943 A Soviet strategic offensive operation that led to the liberation of the Smolensk and Bryansk regions.

Normandy landings, June 6, 1944 The landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy. It was the largest seaborne invasion in history.

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