Aegean Sea Area. The Aegean Sea is located between Greece and modern day Türkiye. The sea is filled with numerous islands which were settled by Ancient Greeks.

Aksum. This city was the heart of ancient Ethiopia.

Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece was divided up into city-states, across which the form of government varied greatly. The city-state of Athens famously established one of the first democracies in the world. In fact, the word democracy is derived from the Greek word demos, meaning the entire citizen body of a city-state.

Ghana. Ghana was a kingdom in Africa located across parts of modern day Mauritania, Mali, and Senegal. This kingdom flourished due to the rise of trans-Saharan trade and the exchange of gold and ivory for salt.

Hittite Empire. The Hittite Empire occupied what is now Türkiye. The history of the empire is often divided into the Old Kingdom (1700-1500 BCE) and the New Kingdom(1400-1200 BCE).

Indus Ganges. The Ganges River, or Ganga, runs from the Himilayas to the Bay of Bengal. It holds great significance in the Hindu religion.

Indus Valley, Harappan Civilization. The first sign of farming settlements along the Indus River appeared around 4000 BCE. By 2600 BCE, two major Indian cities had risen, Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. Excavation and examination of these two cities shows that they were highly developed, well-planned urban areas. This civilization also developed a writing system, though to this day, it has never been deciphered.

Japan. Though heavily influenced by China, Japan was never subjected to political control by outsiders. Ancient Japan therefore developed some unique contributions, like the Shinto religion and the oldest pottery vessels in the world.

Khmer. The Khmer Empire stretched across southeast Asia, covering parts of modern day Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.

Meroe. Meroe was a city located in the Kingdom of Kush (modern day Sudan). The city was located at the nexus of a number of trade routes.

Mesopotamia, Sumerian Civilization. The Sumerian civilization thrived in southern Mesopotamia, the region located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Sumerians developed a system of writing known as cuneiform somewhere between 3500 and 3000 BCE. They are also known for having invented the wheel, the sailboat, and irrigation systems.

Egypt, Ancient Egypt. Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River in northeast Africa. The history of this civilization is often divided up into three kingdoms, the Old Kingdom (2613-2181 BCE), the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BCE), and the New Kingdom (1570-1069 BCE). Ancient Egypt is well-known for its pyramids, which were tombs built for pharoahs (the rulers of Egypt). Egyptians also invented hieroglyphics, a system of writing that combined letters and symbols.

Roman Empire. In 509 BCE Rome was established as a republic, a form of government that has been copied by countries around the world, possibly most famously by the United States. Ancient Rome produced a number of famous thinkers, writers, and politicians, like Julius Caesar, Cicero, Hypatia, and Virgil.

Tigris and Euphrates. The area located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers is known as Mesopotamia, or, the cradle of civilization.

 Yellow River, Ancient China. Ancient China developed in the Yellow River Valley, often referred to as the "Chinese cradle of civilization." This early Chinese civilization contributed greatly to humankind with inventions like the compass, paper making, and gunpowder. The civilization ended with the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE) and the unification of China shortly thereafter.

Zimbabwe. The Shona people occupied the Iron Age city of Great Zimbabwe. This city was the heart of a thriving empire with an economy driven by a mix of agriculture and trade.

Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea served as a connection between many ancient civilizations, like the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians.

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